Systems and methods for simultaneously contracting body core

ABSTRACT

Some embodiments of the systems and methods disclosed allow for simultaneous contraction of body core and adductor muscles. Some embodiments allow for a variety of exercises, including the isolation of various muscle groups, including the abdominal, back, and adductor muscle groups. Some embodiments also provide adjustable resistance levels.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application No.62/281,136, filed Jan. 20, 2016, and from U.S. provisional applicationNo. 62/404,125, filed Oct. 4, 2016, the contents of each of which areincorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to exercise equipment.

BACKGROUND

Currently, 90% of American's do not regularly strength train. Part ofthe reason includes the lack of devices that are convenient to use andaccomplish maximum results in the least amount of time. The permanent,gradual muscle loss starting at age 25 has resulted in a new area ofmedicine referred to as sarcopenia. In addition, the cost due to lowerback pain has doubled in the last 20 years from $50 billion to over $100billion in the United States alone. This level is expected to exceed$220 billion by 2025.

One of the causes of lower back pain is weak and permanent loss of coremuscles. Many home and professional exercise machines focus on only asingle muscle group at once, which lack the ability to isolate andstrengthen multiple interconnected muscles. Many of these machinesrequire significant time at the gym and have the potential to increasethe risk of muscle injury. Many of these machines also lack convenienceand portability.

SUMMARY

There is a need for exercise devices that can simultaneously exercisemultiple core muscle groups, often within only 3-5 minutes. As anexemplary advantage, such a device could combine multiple mechanicalpower units and simultaneously coordinate multiple biomechanicalmovements or multiple anatomical muscle groups. Such a device wouldsimultaneously contract or strengthen all core upper and lower muscle ina fluid harmony. Simultaneous exercise can require the user to producemore total effort and energy as the user coordinates the movement ofmultiple muscle groups compared to working out each muscle group alone.Exercising multiple muscles simultaneously builds muscle strength moreeffectively, improves flexibility, reduces the time needed to achieveresults, decreases the risk of potential injury, and alleviates backpain.

In some embodiments, provided herein is an exercise apparatus includes afirst thigh member and a second thigh member moving in a firstreciprocal motion when the user engages the first and second thighmembers, the first reciprocal motion varying, or adapted to vary, afirst distance between the first and second thigh members, and a chestcontact member moving, or adapted to move, in a second reciprocal motionwhen a user engages the chest contact member, the second reciprocalmotion varying, or adapted to vary, a second distance between the chestcontact member and the first and second thigh members. In someembodiments, simultaneously varying the first distance and seconddistance can compound the exercise benefits of varying the firstdistance and the second distance sequentially or separately. In someembodiments, simultaneously varying the first distance and seconddistance can require the user to produce more total effort and energy asthe user coordinates the movement of multiple muscle groups compared toworking out each muscle group alone. In some embodiments, simultaneouslyvarying the first distance and second distance can build more strengthand burn more calories than sequential or separate motion.

In some embodiments, the exercise apparatus further includes a firstresistance member, wherein the first resistance member provides, or isadapted to provide, a restoring force on the first thigh member relativeto the second thigh member when the first distance decreases. In someembodiments, a maximum distance between the first and second thighmembers is adjustable.

In some embodiments, the first reciprocal motion includes both the firstthigh member and the second thigh member moving, or adapted to move,relative to a centerline of the exercise apparatus. In some embodiments,the exercise apparatus further includes a second resistance member,wherein the second resistance member provides, or is adapted to provide,a restoring force on the chest contact member when the second distancedecreases.

In some embodiments, the exercise apparatus further includes anabdominal contact member moving, or adapted to move, in a thirdreciprocal motion when the user engages the abdominal contact member,the third reciprocal motion varying, or adapted to vary, a thirddistance between the abdominal contact member and the first and secondthigh members. In some embodiments, the apparatus further includes anabdominal crunch base guiding, or adapted to guide, the abdominalcontact member when a user engages the abdominal contact member andmoves it in the third reciprocal motion. In some embodiments, theexercise apparatus further includes a third resistance member, whereinthe third resistance member provides, or is adapted to provide, arestoring force on the abdominal contact member when the third distancedecreases.

In some embodiments, the first and second thigh members are configuredto move in a fourth reciprocal motion when the user engages the firstand second thigh members, the fourth reciprocal motion varying, oradapted to vary, a fourth distance between the first and second thighmembers and the chest contact member. In some embodiments, the exerciseapparatus further includes a fourth resistance member, wherein thefourth resistance member provides, or is adapted to provide, a restoringforce on the one or more of the first and second thigh members relativeto the chest contact member when the fourth distance decreases.

In some embodiments, the restoring force of one or more of theresistance members is adjustable. In some embodiments, one or more ofthe resistance members are interchangeable with other resistancemembers.

In some embodiments, the exercise apparatus further includes one or morehandles. In some embodiments, one or more of the back, upper, lower andside core muscle groups contact member and the chest contact memberfurther includes one or more handles.

In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of exercising using anexercise apparatus includes engaging a first thigh member and a secondthigh member, engaging a chest contact member, wherein the chest crunchincludes a chest contact member, overcoming a restoring force providedby a first resistance member to vary a first distance between the firstand second thigh members to move the first and second thigh members in afirst reciprocal motion, and overcoming a restoring force provided by asecond resistance member to vary a second distance between the chestcontact member and one or more of the first and second thigh members tomove the chest contact member in a second reciprocal motion, whereinovercoming the restoring force provided by the first resistance memberis performed simultaneously with overcoming the restoring force providedby the second resistance member.

In some embodiments, the method includes engaging an abdominal contactmember, and overcoming a restoring force provided by a third resistancemember to vary a third distance between the abdominal contact member andone or more of the first and second thigh members to move the abdominalcontact member in a third reciprocal motion, wherein overcoming therestoring force provided by the third resistance member is performedsimultaneously with overcoming the restoring force provided by the firstand second resistance members.

In some embodiments, overcoming the restoring force provided by thesecond resistance member or the third resistance member further includesengaging one or more handles to pull the exercise apparatus towards auser's body.

In some embodiments, the method includes overcoming a restoring forceprovided by a fourth resistance member to vary a fourth distance betweenone or more of the first and second thigh members and chest contactmember to move one or more of the first and second thigh members in afourth reciprocal motion, wherein overcoming the restoring forceprovided by the fourth resistance member is performed simultaneouslywith overcoming the restoring force provided by the first and secondresistance members.

In some embodiments of the method of exercising, the restoring force ofone or more of the resistance members are adjustable. In someembodiments of the method of exercising, the method includes adjustingone or more of the resistance members to vary the restoring force. Insome embodiments of the method of exercising, one or more of theresistance members are interchangeable with other resistance members. Insome embodiments of the method of exercising, the method includesinterchanging one or more of the resistance members with otherresistance members.

In some embodiments, a resistance member includes a first anchor; asecond anchor configured to move in a reciprocal motion relative to thefirst anchor; a spring resisting relative movement of the first andsecond anchor in a first direction of the reciprocal motion and aidingrelative movement of the first and second anchor in a second directionof the reciprocal motion opposite to the first direction; a spacer thatlimits relative motion of the first and second anchor in the firstdirection to a minimum distance between the first and second anchor,wherein the spring is in tension when the first and second anchor are atthe minimum distance.

In some embodiments, the spacer is configured to maintain a distancebetween the first anchor and the second anchor of between ⅛ of an inchand 20 inches, between ¼ of an inch and 18 inches, between ½ of an inchand 16 inches, between 1 inch and 14 inches, between 2 inches and 12inches, between 3 and 8 inches, between 3.5 and 6 inches, or between 4and 5 inches.

In some embodiments, the spacer is configured to maintain a distancebetween the first anchor and the second anchor of ⅛, ¼, or ½ of an inch,or 1, 2, 3, or 4 inches.

In some embodiments, the spring comprises latex or rubber.

In some embodiments, the spring comprises a continuous band encircling afirst band connector and a second band connector.

In some embodiments, the first band connector is connected to the firstanchor and the second band connector is connected to the second anchor.

In some embodiments, the resistance member includes a housing comprisingthe first anchor, second anchor, and the spring, wherein a length ofhousing is between 2-20 inches, between 2.5 and 12 inches, between 3 and8 inches, between 3.5 and 6 inches, or between 4 and 5 inches, a widthof between 1 and 6 inches, between 1.5 and 4 inches, or between 2 and 3inches, and a height of between 0.5 and 3 inches, or between 1 and 2,inches.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises a length of 4 inches, a widthof 2 inches, and a height of 1 inch.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises a first housing comprisingthe first anchor and a second housing comprising the second anchor,wherein at least one of the first and second anchors comprise an outersurface of the first and second housing.

In some embodiments, the resistance member includes a third anchor fixedrelative to one of the first and second anchor and configured to move ina reciprocal motion relative to the other of the first and secondanchor.

In some embodiments, the third anchor comprises a protrusion from one ofthe first and second housings.

In some embodiments, the resistance member includes a fourth anchorfixed relative to the third anchor.

In some embodiments, the fourth anchor comprises a protrusion from oneof the first and second housings.

In some embodiments, the first anchor is configured to engage a chestcontact member and the second anchor is configured to engage a chestcrunch member.

In some embodiments, the first anchor is configured to engage anabdominal contact member and the second anchor is configured to engagean abdominal crunch member.

In some embodiments, the first anchor is configured to engage a firstthigh member and the second anchor is configured to engage a secondthigh member.

In some embodiments, an exercise apparatus includes a body contactmember; and a base, wherein one of the body contact member and the basecomprises a tube and the other comprises an insert configured to move ina reciprocal motion within the tube, the tube comprises a hollowinternal space comprising an inner wall, the insert comprises an outerwall, the reciprocal motion comprises the inner wall facing, and movingrelative, to the outer wall, and the tube and the insert comprisecomplimentary guides to prevent contact between the inner wall and outerwall during the reciprocal motion.

In some embodiments, the complementary guides comprise a bearing and afemale guide rail.

In some embodiments, the complementary guides reduce an angular range ofmotion of tube relative to the insert.

In some embodiments, an exercise apparatus includes a body contactmember; and a base, wherein one of the body contact member and the basecomprises a tube and the other comprises an insert, wherein the insertmoves in a reciprocal motion within the tube, wherein the insertcomprises a first anchor engagement and the tube comprises a secondanchor engagement, wherein the first anchor engagement moves relative tothe second anchor engagement, and wherein the tube comprises an aperturesized to receive a resistance member that engages with the first anchorengagement and the second anchor engagement.

In some embodiments, a resistance member includes a first springconnector; a second spring connector, wherein a first distance betweenthe first spring connector and second spring connector is fixed; aspring connected to the first spring connector and the second springconnector; and a paddle configured to engage the spring, wherein thepaddle is configured to move in a reciprocal motion relative to thefirst and second anchors, and wherein the spring resists relativemovement between the paddle and the first and second anchors in a firstdirection of the reciprocal motion and aids relative movement betweenthe paddle and the first and second anchors in a direction of thereciprocal motion opposite the first direction.

In some embodiments, the spring comprises a continuous band encirclingthe first spring connector and the second spring connector.

In some embodiments, the spring comprises latex or rubber.

In some embodiments, the reciprocal motion is between 2 and 18 inches,between 4 and 16 inches, between 5 and 12 inches, or between 6 and 8inches.

In some embodiments, the reciprocal motion is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9inches.

In some embodiments, one of an abdominal contact member or an abdominalcrunch base comprises or is connected to the paddle and the other of theabdominal crunch member or abdominal crunch bases comprises or isconnected to the first and second spring connector.

In some embodiments, one of a chest contact member or a chest crunchbase comprises or is connected to the paddle and the other of the chestcrunch member or chest crunch bases comprises or is connected to thefirst and second spring connector.

In some embodiments, a first thigh member comprises or is connected tothe paddle and a second thigh member comprises or is connected to thefirst and second spring connector.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows an isometric view of an exemplary apparatus, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIG. 1B shows a front view of the exemplary apparatus of FIG. 1A, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 1C shows a side view of the exemplary apparatus of FIG. 1A, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 1D shows a top view of the exemplary apparatus of FIG. 1A, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 2A shows an isometric view of an exemplary apparatus, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIG. 2B shows a side view of the exemplary apparatus of FIG. 2A, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 3A shows an isometric view of an exemplary apparatus, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIG. 3B shows a side view of the exemplary apparatus of FIG. 3A, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows an isometric view of an exemplary apparatus, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIG. 5A shows an isometric view of an exemplary apparatus, in accordancewith an embodiment.

FIG. 5B shows a side view of an exemplary apparatus, in accordance withan embodiment.

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B show a method of using an exemplary apparatus, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B show a method of using an exemplary apparatus, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B show a method of using an exemplary apparatus, inaccordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B represent isometric cutaway views of an exemplaryresistance member in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 9C illustrates a resistance member in accordance with anotherembodiment.

FIG. 9D illustrates a resistance member in accordance with anotherembodiment.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B represent top-down views of an exemplaryresistance member compartment in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 10C and FIG. 10D represent top-down views of an exemplaryresistance member placed inside an exemplary resistance membercompartment.

FIG. 10E illustrates a resistance member compartment without aresistance member inserted, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 10F illustrates a resistance member compartment without aresistance member inserted, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 11 represents an isometric view of a disassembled exemplaryresistance member 1100 in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 12 represents an isometric view of a disassembled exemplaryresistance member 1200 in accordance with an embodiment.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate paddles configured to be used with thesprings of FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exercise apparatus comprising a body contactmember and a base.

FIGS. 15A-15F illustrate exemplary contact members and backings forabdominal contact members and chest contact members.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Machines and devices can make exercise and rehabilitation of an illnessor injury more effective and more efficient. Such devices can preciselyisolate specific muscle groups during a workout, improve a user's form,and provide additional resistance.

In the following description of preferred embodiments, reference is madeto the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, and in which itis shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which theinvention can be practiced. It is to be understood that otherembodiments can be used and structural changes can be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the embodiments of this invention. Any ofthe embodiments described above or in the following can be combined withone or more embodiments and/or with one or more elements from one ormore embodiments.

Some embodiments of the devices and methods disclosed herein involvecombining four different exercises: 1) thigh adduction, 2) lateralresistance pulls; 3) direct resistance to the front abdominalscomparable to doing crunches slowly with a weighted medicine ball; and4) a decline bench crunch. Some embodiments of the devices and methodsdisclosed herein involve combining the following four differentexercises: 1) thigh abduction, 2) lateral resistance pulls; 3) directresistance to the front abdominals comparable to doing crunches slowlywith a weighted medicine ball; and 4) a decline bench crunch. Theexercises can be completed simultaneously in a coordinated and fluidmanner. In some embodiments, the resistance the device supplies for eachexercise is individually adjustable to suit the user.

As an exemplary advantage, the devices and methods described herein cansimultaneously exercise multiple core muscle groups, thus increasingworkout efficiency, building muscle strength, and improving flexibility.

Currently, there are no exercise devices that simultaneously contractall core muscles and the thigh adductors. A strong core can be thefoundation to a better, healthier body. The core provides the foundationfor virtually all muscle movement. The upper core includes all themuscles of the midsection and hips that support the spine, back, andneck, while the lower core includes the hip connection and glutes.Developing a strong core, including strong abdominal muscles, can helpprevent back injury and pain by improving posture and spinal alignment,alleviate the amount of work other muscle groups must do to bear theweight of the entire body, and improve balance and stability.

The same is true of adductor muscles. The adductor muscles work inconcert with the abdomen, back, and shoulder muscles to stabilize thetorso. Weak adductor muscles can increase the chances of knee, ankle,and foot injuries. Simultaneously exercising the core and adductormuscles means that these muscles are working together as they do innormal, natural motion.

Working out core and hip adductor muscle groups simultaneously has theadded benefit of compounding the effects of each individual exercise.Simultaneous exercise can require the user to produce more total effortand energy as the user coordinates the movement of multiple musclegroups compared to working out each muscle group alone. A userexercising both core and adductor muscles can overcome a greater totalopposing force and burn more calories than exercising the groupsindividually. This can increase the total intensity of a workout andbuild stronger muscles with greater efficiency.

For example, a user exercising multiple muscle groups simultaneously canuse more weight or resistance and burn more calories than working out asingle muscle group in isolation. Working out core muscles separatelycan significantly reduce the intensity of the contractions andresistance compared to multiple simultaneous contractions. Typically,greater levels of core muscle contraction lead to increased fast twitchmuscle fiber recruitment. This is why more resistance, less repetitionsand slower anaerobic movements can be more conducive to strengtheningthe core muscles. Many abdominal/back machines incorporate fastmovements resulting in very little strengthening of the abdominal/backfast twitch fiber muscles. As a result, an individual could be betteroff doing eighteen crunches slowly with a 30-pound medicine ball, asopposed to 300 crunches fast.

Building muscle strength typically requires a person to frequently andconsistently exercise the same muscles over and over. Given how busypeople are, the compounding effects of simultaneous exercise becomeincreasingly important. Machines that isolate individual muscle groupsdo not allow people to maximize their workout of each muscle group.Machines that isolate individual muscle groups also do not allow peoplereturn to each muscle group often enough to see gains in muscle size.Exercising multiple muscle groups at once allows a user to exercise moremuscle groups more often, and therefore see a resulting gain in totalmuscle size and strength.

Another exemplary advantage includes focusing on multiple muscle groupssimultaneously, thereby reducing the amount of time a person needs tocomplete a full-body exercise routine. This allows a person to exercisemore muscle groups in the same limited period of time.

As another exemplary advantage, the devices and methods described hereinassist a user in completing the exercises with proper posture and bodyposition. Proper posture and alignment can be important in preventinginjury and maximizing a workout. As another exemplary advantage, a usercan perform the exercises described herein in a variety of orientations,including while seated or supine. As another exemplary advantage, thesystems and methods described herein allow a user to mimic the mechanicsof the traditional exercises described above while adding externalresistance.

Another exemplary advantage includes the ability to perform exercises atvarying speeds and with varying levels of resistance. Certain exercisesmay be more effective when performed in slow, controlled motions or whenperformed in rapid bursts. As previously discussed, greater levels ofcore muscle contraction lead to increased fast twitch muscle fiberrecruitment. Thus, more resistance, fewer repetitions and sloweranaerobic movements can be more conducive to strengthening the coremuscles. In some embodiments, the devices and methods disclosed hereinincorporate slow movements resulting in greater strengthening of theabdominal or back fast twitch fiber muscles. As a result, an individualcould be better off doing a few repetitions slowly using the devices andmethods described herein than doing a large number of unassistedcrunches quickly.

Because the devices and methods described herein provide an efficientworkout, a user can frequently and consistently return to exercising thesame muscle groups often enough in subsequent workouts to increasemuscle size.

FIG. 1A represents an isometric view of an exemplary exercise apparatus100 in accordance with an embodiment. FIGS. 1B, 1C, and 1D representfront, side, and top views of apparatus 100, respectively. Apparatus 100allows a user to perform a thigh adduction exercise while simultaneouslycontracting many or all twenty-four segmented abdominal muscles (withinthe rectus, oblique and serratus groups), lats and back flexox muscles.These muscles collectively constitute the core muscle groups. Theexercise apparatus 100 can include a first thigh member 102 a and asecond thigh member 102 b and a chest contact member 101. As will bedescribed, the first thigh member 102 a and second thigh member 102 bcan help a user perform a thigh adduction exercise. The chest contactmember 101 can allow the user perform an exercise equivalent to adecline crunch. In some embodiments, the chest contact member 101 iscoupled to a chest crunch base 103.

Apparatus 100 optionally includes an abdominal crunch contact member110, which can provide direct resistance to the front abdominalscomparable to doing crunches slowly with a weighted medicine ballresting on the abdomen.

The adductor muscles exercised can include the adductor brevis, adductorlongus and adductor magnus, for example. Exercising these muscles caninclude a user starting with his or her thighs spaced apart, contractinghis or her thighs towards a midline of the user's body, and thenreleasing the adductor muscles to return the thighs to the startingposition. Thus, in some embodiments, apparatus 100 assists in exercisingthigh adductor muscles by providing additional resistance during thighadduction.

The first thigh member 102 a can be connected to the second thigh member102 b such that the first and second thigh members are configured tomove in a reciprocal motion. The reciprocal motion can include varying adistance between the first thigh member 102 a and second thigh member102 b, or can include being adapted to vary a distance between the firstthigh member 102 a and second thigh member 102 b.

In some embodiments, the exercise apparatus contains a resistance memberthat is configured to provide a restoring force on the first thighmember 102 a relative to the second thigh member 102 b when the distancebetween the first and second thigh members decreases. In someembodiments, a maximum distance between 102 a and 102 b is 16 inches, asmeasured from a point on 102 a that is closest to a point on 102 b. Insome embodiments, the maximum distance is 15 inches, 14 inches, or 13inches. In some embodiments, the maximum distance between 102 a and 102b is configured such that the maximum distance between a user's kneeswhile still in contact with thigh members 102 a and 102 b is between 14and 24 inches, including 23 inches, 22 inches, 21 inches, 20 inches, 19inches, 18 inches, 17 inches, 16 inches, and 15 inches. In someembodiments, the maximum and or minimum distance between the first thighmember 102 a and second thigh member 102 b is adjustable. Thus, in someembodiments the device can accommodate multiple users of various sizesor multiple thigh adduction exercises. For example, the user can choosebetween short, quick movements with a smaller maximum distance betweenthe first thigh member 102 a and second thigh member 102 b, or slower,longer movements across a wider range of motion.

In some embodiments, the device is configured to exercise a user'sabductor muscles. As will be apparent to a person of ordinary skill inthe art, the first thigh member 102 a and second thigh member 102 b canbe configured to engage the outside of a user's thighs while moving in areciprocal motion. The reciprocal motion can include varying a distancebetween the first thigh member 102 a and second thigh member 102 b, orcan include being adapted to vary a distance between the first thighmember 102 a and second thigh member 102 b. In some embodiments, theexercise apparatus contains a resistance member that is configured toprovide a restoring force on the first thigh member 102 a relative tothe second thigh member 102 b when the distance between the first andsecond thigh members increases.

In some embodiments, the position of the first thigh member 102 a andsecond thigh member 102 b are fixed. In some embodiments, the firstthigh member 102 a and second thigh member 102 b can rotate about anaxis such that the thigh members can be configured or positioned toengage the inside or outside of a user's thighs depending upon theposition of the thigh members, or at any angle in between thataccommodates a user's thighs. In some embodiments, the thigh membersinclude a locking mechanism to secure the thigh members in place.

In some embodiments, both the first thigh member 102 a and second thighmember 102 b move in a reciprocal motion relative to a fixed point, suchas a centerline of apparatus 100. In some embodiments, a centerline ofapparatus 100 can be understood to be a line between the first thighmember and second thigh member, whether equidistant from the first thighmember and second thigh member, or not. In some embodiments, acenterline of apparatus 100 can be understood to be an element ofapparatus 100 between the first thigh member and second thigh member,such as abdominal crunch base 104 (described more fully below).

In some embodiments, the first thigh member 102 a and second thighmember 102 b are attached to a thigh base 112. Therefore, in someembodiments, both the first thigh member 102 a and second thigh member102 b can move relative to a point fixed at the center of the thigh base112. In some embodiments, one of the first thigh member 102 a or secondthigh member 102 b is fixed at a set distance from the fixed point, andthe other of the first thigh member 102 a or second thigh member 102 bmoves relative to the fixed point. In some embodiments, one of the firstthigh member 102 a or second thigh member 102 b is in a fixed positionon the thigh base 112, while the other of the first thigh member 102 aor second thigh member 102 b slides along the thigh base 112 in areciprocal motion relative to the fixed thigh member or the centerlineof apparatus 100.

In some embodiments, the first and second thigh members 102 a and 102 b,respectively, are contoured to receive and engage a user's thighs. Thethigh members can have a concave shape or a “C” or “U” shape. The shapecan be designed with a radius of curvature to more closely contour tothe shape of the human thigh. The curvature can allow a user's thighs tonest within the thigh member in a manner that increases the surface areaof the thigh member contacting the user's thighs. Increasing the contactarea can increase a user's comfort. The size of the thigh members canalso vary to increase the amount of surface area in contact with auser's thighs. In some embodiments, the thigh members have a widecontact area to distribute the force of the exercise across a largerpart of the user's thighs. The thigh members 102 a and 102 b can includepadding or cushioning.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B represent an isometric and side view, respectively,of an exemplary exercise apparatus 100 in accordance with an embodiment.In some embodiments, the thigh members (202 a and 202 b) contain one ormore contact areas surrounding a hollow area. The distance between thecontact areas surrounding a hollow area can vary. The one or morecontact areas can include bars or tubes of various sizes, as well. Thecontact areas may be more rounded to mimic the shape of a thigh. Thighmembers 202 a and 202 b can be used with any of the embodiments here,including replacing thigh members 102 a, 102 b, 302 a, 302 b, 402 a, and402 b.

In some embodiments, a width of a thigh member 102 a or 102 b can bebetween 2 and 12 inches, including between 4-8 inches, including 6inches. In some embodiments, the width of a thigh member is not uniform,but can vary at different points of the thigh member. In someembodiments, a height of a thigh member 102 a or 102 b is between 4 and12 inches, including 7, 8, or 9 inches. In some embodiments of a curvedor concave thigh member, the top portion of thigh members 202 a and 202b that are adapted to contact the top of a user's thighs can have alength of between 2 and 10 inches, including 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 inches.

As an exemplary advantage, the user can exercise his or her thighadductors in nearly any position, including while seated, lying on hisor her back, or while performing any of the other exercises describedherein, including while performing a crunch. In some embodiments, thefirst thigh member 102 a is parallel to the second thigh member 102 b.In some embodiments, the first thigh member 102 a is not parallel to thesecond thigh member 102 b. For example, in some embodiments, the firstand second thigh members are angled such that a distance between a sideof the thigh members closer to the user is smaller than a distancebetween a side of the thigh members further from the user. In someembodiments, the angles of the first thigh member 102 a and second thighmember 102 b approximate the angle of a user's thighs when a user firstengages the first thigh member 102 a and second thigh member 102 b. Insome embodiments, the angles of the first thigh member 102 a and secondthigh member 102 b approximate the angle of a user's thighs when a uservaries the distance between the first thigh member 102 a and secondthigh member 102 b.

Returning to FIGS. 1A-1D, in some embodiments, apparatus 100 providesdirect resistance to a user's chest comparable to doing a decline benchcrunch, which can target the rectus abdominus and iliopsoas muscles. Thechest contact member 101 can be configured to move in a reciprocalmotion relative to the chest crunch base 103, the thigh members (102 aand/or 102 b), or an abdominal crunch base 104 when a user engages thechest contact member. The reciprocal motion can include varying adistance between the chest contact member and the chest crunch base 103,the thigh members (102 a and/or 102 b), or the abdominal crunch base104. The reciprocal motion can also include being adapted to vary adistance between the chest contact member and the chest crunch base 103,the thigh members (102 a and/or 102 b), or the abdominal crunch base104.

In some embodiments, a resistance member provides a restoring force onthe chest contact member 101 relative to the chest crunch base 103, thethigh members (102 a and/or 102 b), or the abdominal crunch base 104when the distance decreases. Thus, increasing the resistance canincrease the force the abdominal muscles must exert to overcome it. Asan exemplary advantage, increasing resistance can improve theeffectiveness or efficiency of the workout. As another exemplaryadvantage, providing resistance to the chest can allow a user to performthe equivalent of a decline crunch while in a seated position or whilelying in a flat and level position.

In some embodiments, the resistance member is included in the connectionbetween the chest contact member 101 and the chest crunch base 103, thethigh members (102 a and/or 102 b), and/or the abdominal crunch base104.

The chest contact member 101 can be connected to the chest crunch base103 such that the reciprocal motion includes the chest contact member101 sliding over or inside of the chest crunch base 103 and guiding thechest crunch member 101 during the reciprocal motion. The chest contactmember 101 can include a contact surface for engaging a user's chest105. In some embodiments, the surface 105 is large enough to increasestability and user comfort during use of apparatus 100. The surface caninclude a chest pad, such as a foam cushion. The chest pad can beinterchangeable with pads of other sizes, shapes and materials to suit aparticular user or exercise. In some embodiments, the chest pad issmooth. In some embodiments, the chest pad is textured. In someembodiments, the texture is configured to increase friction between thesurface 105 and the user's body to reduce slipping during use.

In some embodiments, the apparatus can be modular. In some embodiments,a chest contact member and a chest crunch base can be part of a chestmodule, an abdominal contact member and an abdominal contact base can bepart of an abdominal module, and a first thigh member and a second thighmember can be part of a thigh module. In some embodiments, one or moreof the modules can be detachable from the apparatus. In someembodiments, one of more of the modules can be interchangeable on theapparatus. In some embodiments, one or more of the modules can bepermanently affixed to the apparatus. In some embodiments, the chestcontact member 101 is detachable from the remaining portions of thedevice. This may include detaching a chest crunch base 103. Thus, thechest contact member 101 and chest crunch base may comprise a modularcomponent that can be connected to the thigh members or the abdominalcontact/base member. In the same way, the thigh members may bedetachable and the abdominal contact member may be detachable.

In some embodiments, a length of a chest module can be between 12 and 30inches, including 20 inches. In some embodiments, the length of thechest contact member can be between 6 and 30 inches, including 8, 12,16, and 20 inches. In some embodiments, the length of a chest crunchbase can be between 6 and 30 inches, including 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24inches.

In some embodiments, a length of an abdominal module can be between 12and 30 inches, including 20 inches or 22 inches. In some embodiments,the length of the abdominal contact member can be between 6 and 30inches, including 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, and 24 inches. In someembodiments, the length of an abdominal crunch base can be between 6 and30 inches, including 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24 inches.

In some embodiments, a length of a proximal end of a chest contactmember to a distal end of a chest crunch base is 16, 18, 20, 22, or 24inches when the chest contact member and the chest crunch base arecoupled and in an extended position. In some embodiments, a length of aproximal end of a chest contact member to a distal end of a chest crunchbase is 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 inches when the chest contact member andthe chest crunch base are coupled and in a compressed position. In someembodiments, the ratio of a (1) length of a proximal end of a chestcontact member to a distal end of a chest crunch base when the chestcontact member and the chest crunch base are coupled and in an extendedposition to (2) a length of a proximal end of the chest contact memberto a distal end of the chest crunch base when the chest contact memberand the chest crunch base are coupled and in a compressed position is2:1, 5:3, or 3:2.

In some embodiments, a length of a proximal end of an abdominal contactmember to a distal end of an abdominal crunch base is 16, 18, 20, 22, or24 inches when the abdominal contact member and the abdominal crunchbase are coupled and in an extended position. In some embodiments, alength of a proximal end of an abdominal contact member to a distal endof an abdominal crunch base is 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 inches when theabdominal contact member and the abdominal crunch base are coupled andin a compressed position. In some embodiments, the ratio of (1) a lengthof a proximal end of an abdominal contact member to a distal end of anabdominal crunch base when the abdominal contact member and theabdominal crunch base are coupled and in an extended position to (2) alength of a proximal end of the abdominal contact member to a distal endof an abdominal crunch base when the abdominal contact member and theabdominal crunch base are coupled and in a compressed position is 2:1,5:3, or 3:2.

In some embodiments, the ratio of (1) a length of a proximal end of anabdominal contact member to a distal end of an abdominal crunch basewhen the abdominal contact member and the abdominal crunch base arecoupled and in an extended position to (2) a length of a proximal end ofa chest contact member to a distal end of a chest crunch base when theabdominal contact member and the abdominal crunch base are coupled andin an extended position is 1:1. If the ratio deviates from a 1:1 ratioin the extended, contracted, or partially contracted positions, use canbecome awkward or uncomfortable. In particular, if the ratio is too lowin any of these positions, the user can experience undue upward slippageof the chest contact member relative to their chest.

In some embodiments, the chest crunch base 103 is connected to theabdominal crunch base 104 by a hinge 106. In some embodiments, a mainbody of the apparatus comprises the chest crunch base 103, the abdominalcrunch base 104, the hinge 106, and the thigh base 112. In someembodiments, the chest contact member/chest contact base can bedetachably connected. In some embodiments, the height or angle of thechest contact member 101 relative to the thigh members can be adjusted,for example, by the hinge 106 connected to chest crunch base 103.

The user can adjust the height or angle of the chest contact member toaccommodate different exercises or different users. In some embodiments,the height or angle of the chest contact member can be reversibly lockedin a desired position using a lock, such as a quick release lever 117.Some embodiments include a quick release mechanism that is convenientlymanipulated without great strain and with one hand, or just the forcefrom one or a few fingers, so the other hand is free to hold theapparatus while the user completes the adjustment. In some embodiments,the user can adjust the angle of the chest contact member relative tothe abdominal contact member at any angle between 0° (for example,parallel to the abdominal contact member) and 90° (for example, greaterperpendicular to the abdominal contact member). In some embodiments, theuser can set the angle of the chest contact member relative to theabdominal contact member at 0°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 45°, 50°, 60°, 70°,80°, or 90°. In some embodiments, the user can set the angle of thechest contact member relative to the abdominal contact member at 30°,40°, 45°, or 50°.

Apparatus 100 can also assist a user in performing a lateral resistancepull. This exercise can target the back muscles, including latissimusdorsi (lats), teres major, and trapezius muscles. The abdominal crunchbase 104 can be generally rectangular. The abdominal crunch base 104 caninclude one or more handles 107. The one or more handles 107 can bepositioned on one or more sides of the abdominal crunch base 104. Eachhandle 107 can include one or more handgrips 108 or arm supports 109.Apparatus 100 can also include an abdominal contact member 110. Theabdominal contact member 110 can be configured to move in a reciprocalmotion relative to the abdominal crunch base 104 when a user engages theabdominal contact member 110. Thus, the user can perform a lateralresistance pull by engaging the handgrips 108 with the user's hands andpulling the abdominal crunch base 104 towards the user's abdomen in areciprocal motion. The reciprocal motion can include varying a distance,or being adapted to vary a distance, between the abdominal crunch base104 and the abdominal contact member 110, the chest crunch base 103,and/or the thigh members (102 a and 102 b). In some embodiments,apparatus 100 can include a resistance member that is configured toprovide a restoring force on the abdominal contact member 110 when theuser moves the abdominal crunch base 104 in a reciprocal motion. In someembodiments, the resistance member is included in the connection betweenthe abdominal contact member 110 and the abdominal crunch base 104, thethigh members (102 a and/or 102 b), and/or the chest crunch base 103.Exemplary abdominal contact members and backings for abdominal contactmembers are provided in FIGS. 15A-15F.

In some embodiments, apparatus 100 provides direct resistance to thefront abdominals comparable to doing crunches slowly with a weightedmedicine ball resting on the abdomen. This exercise can target themiddle and upper abdominal muscles, the lower back, and the core. Theabdominal contact member can include a contact surface 111 for engaginga user's abdomen. The contact surface 111 can be of any size. In someembodiments, the surface 111 is large enough to increase stability anduser comfort during use of the apparatus. The surface 111 can include apad, such as a foam cushion. The pad can be interchangeable with pads ofother sizes, shapes and materials to suit a particular user or exercise.As the distance between the abdominal contact member 110 and theabdominal crunch base 104 decreases, the amount of pressure the contactsurface 111 places on the abdomen can increase.

Various configurations of the apparatus are possible. For example,different configurations can comprise different combinations ofcomponents. The combinations can include some or all of the componentsdescribed above. Adding or withdrawing components can provide fordifferent exercises, isolation of different muscle groups, or differentmethods of use. Thus, in some embodiments, the modular components of thedevice can be used independently, or combined in various configurationsto provide for customized workouts.

FIG. 3A represents an isometric view of an exemplary exercise apparatus300 in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 3B represents a side view ofan exemplary exercise apparatus 300 in accordance with an embodiment.Apparatus 300, like apparatus 100 described above, includes a chestcontact member 301 and a first thigh member 302 a and a second thighmember 302 b. In some embodiments, apparatus 300 does not include theabdominal contact member previously described as a component of someembodiments of exemplary apparatus 100. In apparatus 300, the firstthigh member 302 a can be connected to the second thigh member 302 bsuch that the first thigh member 302 a and second thigh member 302 b areconfigured to move in a reciprocal motion. The reciprocal motion caninclude varying a distance, or being adapted to vary a distance, betweenthe first thigh member 302 a and second thigh member 302 b. In someembodiments, the exercise apparatus contains a resistance member that isconfigured to provide a restoring force on the first thigh member 302 arelative to the second thigh member 302 b when the distance between thefirst and second thigh members decreases.

In some embodiments, the chest contact member 301 can be configured tomove in a reciprocal motion relative to the chest crunch base 303 or thethigh members (302 a and/or 302 b) when a user engages the chest contactmember. The reciprocal motion can include varying a distance, or beingadapted to vary a distance, between the chest contact member 301 and thechest crunch base 303 or the thigh members (302 a and/or 302 b). In someembodiments, a resistance member provides a restoring force on themotion of the chest contact member 301.

The chest crunch base 303 is optionally connected to the thigh base 312by a hinge 306. In some embodiments, a main body of apparatus 300comprises the chest crunch base 303, the hinge 306, and the thigh base312.

The device can be further configured to provide additionalfunctionality, such as a leg-raise unit. FIG. 4 represents an isometricview of an exemplary exercise apparatus 400 in accordance with anembodiment. Thigh base 412 can be configured to move in a reciprocalmotion relative to the abdominal crunch base 404 and/or the chestcontact member 401 in some embodiments. The user can vary the distancebetween the thigh base 412 and the abdominal crunch base 404 and/or thechest contact member 401 by engaging the thigh members 402 a and 402 band raising his or her legs while simultaneously engaging at least oneof the abdominal contact member 410 and the chest contact member 401. Insome embodiments, a resistance member 414 is configured to provide arestoring force on the thigh base 412 relative to the abdominal crunchbase 404 and/or the chest contact member 401 when the distance betweenthe base and the abdominal crunch base decreases. In some embodiments,the resistance member 414 provides additional resistance and/orincreases the distance that can be varied before, during, or after acrunch exercise.

In some embodiments, the device is configured such that the leg unit isnot fixed to a particular position of the apparatus. FIG. 5A representsan isometric view of an exemplary exercise apparatus 500 in accordancewith an embodiment. FIG. 5B represents a side view of an exemplaryexercise apparatus 500 in accordance with an embodiment. In someembodiments, it can be advantageous to allow the thigh members to remainin a fixed or relatively fixed position along a user's thigh while usingthe apparatus. Therefore, in some embodiments, the thigh base 512 isconfigured to attach and slide relative to the abdominal crunch base 504or the abdominal contact member 510. In some embodiments, the abdominalcrunch base 504 or the abdominal contact member 510 comprises one ormore rails. The rails can be bars, tracks, or grooves that allow thefirst and second thigh members to move relative to the abdominal crunchbase 504 or the abdominal contact member. In some embodiments, the thighbase further comprises a sliding member 516. In some embodiments, thesliding member is mounted on the one or more rails 515a and 515 b.

The resistance members described herein can be interchangeable withother resistance members. In some embodiments, one or more resistancemembers can be or can comprise a tension band, a cord, hydraulics,weights, compression bands, or springs. In some embodiments, aresistance member can comprise a plurality of resistance members. Insome embodiments, the resistance member can be adjusted to vary theamount of resistance provided. For example, an adjustable resistancemember can provide between 1 and 150 pounds of resistance. In someembodiments, extra resistance members can be stored in a chambercontained within the device when not in use. The chamber can be in thechest contact member, chest crunch base, or the abdominal contactmember, for example.

In some embodiments, the apparatus includes an electronic computer, suchas an electronic personal trainer or electronic coaching device asdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,717,825 and 7,955,220, the contents ofeach of which are incorporated herein in its entirety. The electroniccoaching device could be implemented as a separate device. In someembodiments, the computer is removably affixed to the abdominal crunchbase 104 via a ball and socket joint 113. In some embodiments, thecomputer can include a smart phone or tablet. In some embodiments, thesmart phone or tablet can run an app. The computer can include anelectronic (audio and visual) personal trainer that assists in thetechnique and training time of the exercise. The user can choosebeginner or intermediate/advanced workout sessions or settings. Thetotal time for a workout session can range from 1-20 minutes, 2-10minutes, or 3-4 minutes, for example.

In some embodiments, the apparatus can comprise a biometricauthentication device, including, for example, a fingerprint reader,retina or iris scanner, or voice identification device, to authenticatea user or users. In some embodiments, the electronic personal traineruses the biometric device to detect and identify an individual user orusers. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises sensors and/ortimers that measure the force, time, count, and/or distance of eachreciprocal motion. In some embodiments, the electronic personal trainercan store and/or analyze data for one or more users of the apparatus,including data generated by the one or more sensors and/or timers.

FIG. 6, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8 illustrate exemplary methods of using theapparatus in accordance with various embodiments of the presentdisclosure. The exercise methods of FIGS. 6-8 can be used to performexercises using the various apparatuses disclosed herein, but themethods are not limited to using the various apparatuses disclosedherein. In some embodiments, where a modular component is not includedin an apparatus, the corresponding motion in FIGS. 6-8 is not performed.

In some embodiments, a method of exercising using an exercise apparatusincludes engaging a first thigh member and a second thigh member,engaging a chest contact member, overcoming a restoring force providedby a first resistance member to vary a first distance between the firstand second thigh members to move the first and second thigh members in afirst reciprocal motion, and overcoming a restoring force provided by asecond resistance member to vary a second distance between the chestcontact member and at least one of the first and second thigh members tomove the chest contact member in a second reciprocal motion, whereinovercoming the restoring force provided by the first resistance memberis performed simultaneously with overcoming the restoring force providedby the second resistance member.

FIGS. 6A and 6B depict an exemplary method of varying a distance betweenthe first and second thigh members in a reciprocal motion. FIGS. 7A and7B depict an exemplary method of varying a distance between the chestcontact member and at least one of the first and second thigh members tomove the chest contact member in a reciprocal motion. FIGS. 7A and 7Balso depict the user varying a distance between the abdominal contactmember and at least one of the first and second thigh members to movethe abdominal contact member in a reciprocal motion. This motion cansimulate the use of an abdominal medicine ball when the device is pulledtoward the user in the lateral pull motion, described above. Also aspreviously described, the first and second thigh members can be attachedto the apparatus at a fixed position in some embodiments. FIGS. 7A and7B show the thigh members sliding along the user's thighs as the userpulls the apparatus towards his abdomen in a lateral pull.

In some embodiments, the method of exercising includes engaging anabdominal crunch member comprising an abdominal contact member andovercoming a restoring force provided by a resistance member to vary adistance between the abdominal contact member and at least one of thefirst and second thigh members to move the abdominal contact member in areciprocal motion. FIGS. 7A and 7B also depict an exemplary method ofvarying a distance between the abdominal contact member and at least oneof the first and second thigh members to move the chest contact memberin a reciprocal motion. In some embodiments, the method of exercisingincludes engaging an abdominal contact member and overcoming restoringforce provided by a resistance member to vary a distance between theabdominal contact member and an abdominal crunch base to move theabdominal contact member in a reciprocal motion.

FIGS. 8A and 8B depict an exemplary method of varying a distance betweenthe chest contact member and at least one of the first and second thighmembers to move the chest contact member in a reciprocal motion. FIGS.8A and 8B also depict the user varying a distance between the abdominalcontact member and the abdominal crunch base to move the abdominalcontact member in a reciprocal motion. This motion can simulate the useof an abdominal medicine ball when the device is pulled toward the userin the lateral pull motion, described above. Also as previouslydescribed, the first and second thigh members can be attached to theapparatus such that the first and second thigh members slide along theabdominal crunch base or abdominal contact member in some embodiments.FIGS. 8A and 8B show the thigh members sliding along the abdominalcrunch base and remaining in a fixed position relative to the user'sthighs as the user pulls the apparatus towards his abdomen in a lateralpull.

In some embodiments, the method of exercising includes engaging one ormore handles to vary one or more of the distances. For example, in someembodiments, engaging the abdominal crunch exercise member includesgrasping the handles 107 and pulling the device 100 toward the user, asin FIGS. 6A and 7B. This motion can correspond to an exercisetraditionally performed as a cable row or on a rowing machine. Theuser's hands can be positioned such that his or her palms are facing up,down, or towards each other. When the user's palms face up, the user canexercise his or her lower abs, middle abs, side abs, lats, back andarms. When the user's palms face down or each other, the user canexercise the same or different muscles, and such exercises can have thesame or different effects. For example, a user may primarily exercisetriceps and shoulder muscles with palms facing down.

In some embodiments, the method of exercising includes overcoming arestoring force provided by a resistance member to vary a distancebetween one or more of the first and second thigh members 102 a and 102b and chest contact member 101 to move one or more of the first andsecond thigh members 102 a and 102 b in a reciprocal motion. In someembodiments, the method includes the user engaging the first and secondthigh members by lifting his or her legs to move one or more of thefirst and second thigh members in the reciprocal motion. In someembodiments, overcoming the restoring force provided by the resistancemember is performed simultaneously with overcoming the restoring forceprovided by any one or more of the other resistance members describedherein.

In some embodiments, the motions include pulling the apparatus towardsthe user, crunching the abdomen, adducting the thighs, and/or holdingany or all of these motions. The user can perform these motions in anyorder, in any combination, or simultaneously. These motions can exercisemost or all core muscles and the thighs. This allows a user to exercisethese multiple muscle groups simultaneously using a single device.Simultaneously exercising these muscle groups allows the user tocompound the effects of individual exercises compared to using nomachine or traditional machines configured to exercise only a singlemuscle group at once.

In some embodiments, a user can use the apparatus in a seated position,lying on his or her back on the floor, in a hybrid seated/lying downposition, or at an incline or decline. In accordance with variousembodiments, use of the apparatus in a sitting position can provide abeginner exercise, use of the device in a lying down position canprovide an intermediate exercise, and use of the device in a hybridsitting/laying down position can provide an advanced exercise. Use ofthe apparatus in any of these positions can also alter the resistanceand muscle groups used, thereby providing different workouts.

In addition, the putting pressure on the frontal abdominals using theapparatus can prevent lordosis or curvature of the lower back. This canreduce pressure on the lower back, critical to individuals with low backpain. As discussed above, a user can perform a “crunch” by crunchingagainst the chest contact member 101. This can exercise the upper abs.It should also be noted that the figures illustrated the crunch motionin a rotational fashion; however, the crunch can also be performed at astraight angle. In other words, a user can push his or her chest so thatthe chest contact member 101 moves straight into the body of the device100, as discussed above.

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B represent isometric cutaway views of an exemplaryresistance member 900 in accordance with an embodiment. In someembodiments, the resistance member comprises a first anchor 903, and asecond anchor 905 configured to move in a reciprocal motion relative tothe first anchor 903. In some embodiments, the resistance membercomprises a spring 901. In some embodiments, the spring resists relativemovement of the first and second anchor in a first direction of thereciprocal motion. In some embodiments, the spring aids relativemovement of the first and second anchor in a direction of the reciprocalmotion opposite to the first direction. In some embodiments, thereciprocal motion is between 2 and 18 inches, between 4 and 16 inches,between 5 and 12 inches, or between 6 and 8 inches. In some embodiments,the reciprocal motion is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 inches.

In some embodiments, the spring 901 can be connected to the first andsecond band connectors 902 a and 902 b such that the first and secondband connectors are configured to move in a reciprocal motion. Thereciprocal motion can include varying a distance between the first bandconnector 902 a and second band connector 902 b, or can include beingadapted to vary a distance between the first band connector 902 a andsecond band connector 902 b. In some embodiments, varying a distancebetween the first band connector 902 a and the second band connector 902b elongates the spring 901. In some embodiments, elongating the springincreases the tension on the spring, thereby increasing the resistanceprovided by the resistance member.

In some embodiments, the spring comprises a continuous band encircling afirst band connector 902 a and a second band connector 902 b. In someembodiments, the continuous band is ring-shaped, circular, orellipsoidal. In some embodiments, the band connector is a post or ahook. In some embodiments, the spring 901 comprises rubber or latex.

In some embodiments, the resistance member comprises a spacer betweenthe first anchor and the second anchor that limits relative movement ofthe first and second anchor 903 and 905 in the direction opposite to thefirst direction and wherein the spring is in tension when the first andsecond anchor are at the minimum distance. In resistance member 900, thespacer comprises portions of the housing surrounding the first anchor903 and the housing surrounding the second anchor 905. The housings abutone another to limit relative movement of the first and second anchor903 and 905. Spring 901 is in tension when the housings abut oneanother.

In some embodiments, the spacer is configured to maintain a distancebetween the first anchor 903 and the second anchor 905 of between ⅛ ofan inch and 20 inches, between ¼ of an inch and 18 inches, between ½ ofan inch and 16 inches, between 1 inch and 14 inches, between 2 inchesand 12 inches, between 3 and 8 inches, between 3.5 and 6 inches, orbetween 4 and 5 inches. In some embodiments, the spacer is configured tomaintain a distance between the first anchor and the second anchor of ⅛,¼, or ½ of an inch, or 1, 2, 3, or 4 inches.

In some embodiments, the first band connector 902 a is connected to thefirst anchor 903. In some embodiments, the first anchor 903 comprises alip, a rib, or an edge. In some embodiments, the first anchor 903 ispart of a shell 904 or cover encasing at least a portion of the tensionband. In some embodiments, the base connector can be configured toconnect the resistance member to a chest contact member, chest crunchbase, abdominal contact member, or abdominal crunch base such that theresistance member provides a restoring force when a user engages thedevice.

In some embodiments, the anchors 903 and 905 can be configured toconnect the resistance member to a chest contact member, chest crunchbase, abdominal contact member, or abdominal crunch base such that theresistance member provides a restoring force when a user engages thedevice. For example, in some embodiments the first anchor 903 isconfigured to connect the resistance member to a chest contact memberand the second anchor 905 is configured to connect the resistance memberto a chest crunch base. In some embodiments, the first anchor 903 isconfigured to connect the resistance member to a chest crunch base andthe second anchor 905 is configured to connect the resistance member toa chest contact member. In some embodiments, the first anchor 903 isconfigured to connect the resistance member to an abdominal contactmember and the second anchor 905 is configured to connect the resistancemember to an abdominal crunch base. In some embodiments, the firstanchor 903 is configured to connect the resistance member to anabdominal crunch base and the second anchor 905 is configured to connectthe resistance member to an abdominal contact member.

In some embodiments, the resistance member includes a housing forcontaining the first anchor, second anchor, and the spring. In someembodiments, the housing has a length between 2-20 inches, between 2.5and 12 inches, between 3 and 8 inches, between 3.5 and 6 inches, orbetween 4 and 5 inches, a width of between 1 and 6 inches, between 1.5and 4 inches, or between 2 and 3 inches, and a height of between 0.5 and3 inches, or between 1 and 2, inches. In some embodiments the housinghas a length of 4 inches, a width of 2 inches, and a height of 1 inch.

In some embodiments, the housing comprises two parts: a first housingcomprising first anchor 903 and second housing comprising second anchor905, wherein at least one of the first and second anchors comprise anouter surface of the first and second housing. In some embodiments, theportion of the outer surface comprises a lip, a rib, or an edge. In someembodiments, at least one of the first and second anchor is part of ashell 904 or cover encasing at least a portion of the tension band.

FIG. 9C illustrates a resistance member 910 in accordance with anotherembodiment. Resistance member 910 comprises a third anchor 912 fixedrelative to first anchor 903 and moveable relative to second anchor 905.In the embodiment of 910, third anchor 912 comprises a protrusionhousing comprising the second and third anchor.

FIG. 9D illustrates a resistance member 920 in accordance with anotherembodiment. Resistance member 920 comprises a fourth anchor 922 fixedrelative to the third anchor 912. In the embodiment of 920, fourthanchor 922 comprises a protrusion from the housing that comprises thesecond, third, and fourth anchors.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B represent top-down views of an exemplaryresistance member compartment 1000 in accordance with an embodiment.FIG. 10C and FIG. 10D represent top-down views of an exemplaryresistance member placed inside an exemplary resistance membercompartment 1000. In some embodiments, the resistance member compartmentcomprises a bay 1008 configured to hold the shell 1004 of the resistancemember. In some embodiments, the bay comprises a first edge, a lip, or arib 1009 configured to engage the first anchor 1003. In someembodiments, the resistance member compartment 1000 comprises a secondedge, a lip, or a rib 1011 configured to engage the second anchor 1005.In some embodiments, when the user compresses the module (e.g., theabdominal module, chest module, or thigh module), the resistance memberconnected to the first edge 1009 and the second edge 1011 by the firstanchor 1003 and the second anchor 1005 provides a restoring force to themodule.

In some embodiments, the resistance member compartment 1000 comprises alock 1007 configured to lock the resistance member in place in theresistance member compartment. In some embodiments, the second anchor1005 comprises a protrusion 1006 configured to engage a lock on theexercise apparatus 1007. In some embodiments, the lock 1007 engages withthe protrusion 1006 to reversibly lock the resistance member in placeduring use. In some embodiments, the lock comprises a lever or a clip.

FIG. 10E illustrates a resistance member compartment 1010 without aresistance member inserted, in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 10Eillustrates a body contact member 1012 and a base 1014. The body contactmember comprises a tube and the base comprises an insert. The insertmoves in a reciprocal motion within the tube. The insert comprises afirst anchor engagement 1009 and the tube comprises a second anchorengagement 1018, wherein the first anchor engagement moves relative tothe second anchor engagement. In some embodiments, the second anchorengagement comprises an edge, a lip, or a rib 1011 configured to engagethe second anchor 1005. In some embodiments, the second anchorengagement is a post 1018 configured to engage the second anchor 1005.In some embodiments, the second anchor engagement comprises a rib 1011and one, two, or more posts 1018. The tube comprises an aperture 1020sized to receive a resistance member (for example, the resistancemembers described above with respect to FIGS. 9A-10D) that engages withthe first anchor engagement and the second anchor engagement. Membercompartment 1010 also includes an additional anchor engagement 1022 fora third anchor (for example, the third anchor embodiment described abovewith respect to FIG. 9C).

FIG. 10F illustrates a resistance member compartment 1030 without aresistance member inserted, in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 10Eillustrates a body contact member 1012 and a base 1014. The body contactmember comprises a tube and the base comprises an insert. The insertmoves in a reciprocal motion within the tube. The insert comprises afirst anchor engagement 1009 and the tube comprises a second anchorengagement, which in some embodiments comprises a rib 1011 and/or one,two, or more posts 1018 configured to engage the second anchor, whereinthe first anchor engagement moves relative to the second anchorengagement. The tube comprises an aperture 1020 sized to receive aresistance member (for example, the resistance members described abovewith respect to FIGS. 9A-10D) that engages with the first anchorengagement and the second anchor engagement. Member compartment 1030also includes an anchor engagement 1022 for a third anchor and an anchorengagement 1024 for a fourth anchor (for example, the fourth anchorembodiment described above with respect to FIG. 9D).

FIG. 11 represents an isometric view of a disassembled exemplaryresistance member 1100 in accordance with an embodiment. In someembodiments, the resistance member comprises a spring 1101. In someembodiments, the resistance member comprises a first spring 1102 aconnector and a second spring connector 1102 b. In some embodiments, thedistance between the first spring connector 1102 a and second springconnector 1102 b is fixed. Is some embodiments, a spring 1101 isconnected to the first spring connector 1102 a and second springconnector 1102 b. In some embodiments, the resistance member comprises apaddle 1103 configured to engage the spring. In some embodiments, thepaddle 1103 is configured to move in a reciprocal motion relative to thefirst and second spring connectors 1102 a and 1102 b. In someembodiments, the spring 1101 resists relative movement between thepaddle and the first and second anchors in a first direction of thereciprocal motion. In some embodiments, the spring 1101 aids relativemovement between the paddle 1103 and the first and second springconnectors 1102 a and 1102 b in a direction of the reciprocal motionopposite the first direction. In some embodiments, the reciprocal motionis between 2 and 18 inches, between 4 and 16 inches, between 5 and 12inches, or between 6 and 8 inches. In some embodiments, the reciprocalmotion is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 inches.

In some embodiments, the spring 1101 comprises rubber or latex. In someembodiments, the spring 1101 comprises a continuous band. In someembodiments, the continuous band is ring-shaped, circular, orellipsoidal. In some embodiments, the continuous band is folded overeach of the first and second spring connectors 1102 a and 1102 b,thereby forming a U or semi-circular shape. In some embodiments, thepaddle comprises a rim or a curved edge 1104. In some embodiments, thepaddle comprises one or more guides on each side 1105. In someembodiments, the rim or curved edge 1104 contacts the spring 1101. Insome embodiments, varying a distance between an end of the paddle andone of the one or more spring connectors 1102 a and 1102 b elongates thespring 1101. In some embodiments, elongating the spring 1101 increasesthe tension on the spring 1101, thereby increasing the resistance of theresistance member.

In some embodiments, resistance member 1100 further comprises a cover1106. In some embodiments, the cover comprises a tube, wherein thespring is configured to move in a reciprocal motion within the tube. Insome embodiments, the tube comprises a hollow internal space comprisingan inner wall 1107. In some embodiments, the cover comprises slots 1108configured to engage the spring connectors 1102 a and 1102 b.

In some embodiments, one of an abdominal contact member or an abdominalcrunch base comprises or is connected to the paddle and the other of theabdominal crunch member or abdominal crunch bases comprises or isconnected to the first and second spring connector. In some embodiments,the other of the abdominal crunch member or abdominal crunch basescomprises or is permanently or removably connected to the cover 1106,which comprises or is connected to the first and second springconnectors. In some embodiments, one of a chest contact member or achest crunch base comprises or is connected to the paddle and the otherof the chest crunch member or chest crunch bases comprises or isconnected to the first and second spring connector. In some embodiments,a first thigh member comprises or is connected to the paddle and asecond thigh member comprises or is connected to the first and secondspring connector. Thus, in some embodiments, the spring can provide arestoring force on a module when a user engages the device.

FIG. 12 represents an isometric view of a disassembled exemplaryresistance member 1200 in accordance with an embodiment. In someembodiments, the resistance member comprises a spring 1201. In someembodiments, the spring comprises a linear band. In some embodiments,the spring comprises latex or rubber. In some embodiments, theresistance member comprises a first spring 1202 a connector and a secondspring connector 1202 b. In some embodiments, the first and secondspring connectors 1202 a and 1202 b comprise posts or hooks. In someembodiments, the linear band comprises loops at one or more ends of theband, such as 1203 a, that engage with a spring connector. In someembodiments, the loops can be reinforced with additional latex orrubber.

In some embodiments, the springs 1001, 1101, and 1201 areinterchangeable. In some embodiments, varying the length, elasticity, orthickness of a spring can vary the resistance the tension band canprovide. In some embodiments, the springs provide between 5 and 160pounds of resistance. In some embodiments, the spring provides 5, 10,15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120,130, 140, 150, or 160 pounds of resistance.

FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate abdominal contact members configured to beused with the springs of FIGS. 11 and 12. The abdominal contact memberin FIG. 13A includes a wider base 1302 than the base 1304 in FIG. 13B.Each of the abdominal contact members comprises a paddle 1303. FIG. 13Balso illustrates a cover 1306 configured to removably engage with anabdominal contact base. The cover comprises a lever with a nub 1307,which can secure the cover 1306 to the abdominal contact base.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exercise apparatus comprising a chest contactmember 1402 adapted to receive a chest crunch base, including theexemplary chest crunch base 103 depicted in FIG. 1A. The chest crunchbase comprises an insert and the chest contact member comprises a tube,wherein the insert is configured to move in a reciprocal motion withinthe tube. The tube comprises a hollow internal space comprising an innerwall 1406. The insert comprises an outer wall. In some embodiments, theouter wall of the chest crunch base comprises a rail. The tube includescomplimentary guides 1410 a and 1410 b to prevent contact between theinner wall of the tube and outer wall of the chest crunch base duringthe reciprocal motion. In some embodiments, the complementary guides1410 a and 1410 b engage and guide the rail of the chest crunch base. Insome embodiments, the complementary guides 1410 a and 1410 b reducefriction or vibration caused by the reciprocal motion between the chestcontact member and the chest contact base.

FIGS. 15A to 15F illustrate exemplary contact members and backings forabdominal contact members and chest contact members in accordance withsome embodiments. FIG. 15A illustrates an abdominal contact member withsix contact protrusions in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 15Billustrates a backing for the abdominal contact member of FIG. 15A. FIG.15C illustrates an abdominal contact member with four contactprotrusions in accordance with an embodiment. FIG. 15D illustrates abacking for the abdominal contact member of FIG. 15C. FIG. 15Eillustrates a chest contact member in accordance with an embodiment. Insome embodiments, the chest contact member is textured. In someembodiments, the chest contact member comprises grooves. In someembodiments, the chest contact member is curved or concave. The curve orconcave shape can be adapted to contact a user's chest. FIG. 15Fillustrates a chest contact member in accordance with an embodiment. Insome embodiments, the chest contact member is not concave, and is flator substantially flat relative to the length, the width, or both thelength and width of the chest contact member.

Through contact prevention, the complimentary guides may allow for freerrelative motion of the base and body contact member during thereciprocal motion. Further, by preventing contact, the complimentaryguides may allow for a longer life of the base and body contact member.In some embodiments, the complimentary guides may reduce an angularrange of motion of the tube relative to the insert. In some embodiments,the complementary guides comprise a bearing and a female guide rail.

Although the disclosed embodiments have been fully described withreference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that variouschanges and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in theart. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as beingincluded within the scope of the disclosed embodiments as defined by theappended claims.

1. An exercise apparatus comprising: a first thigh member and a secondthigh member moving in a first reciprocal motion when the user engagesthe first and second thigh members, the first reciprocal motion varyinga first distance between the first and second thigh members; and a chestcontact member moving in a second reciprocal motion when a user engagesthe chest contact member, the second reciprocal motion varying a seconddistance between the chest contact member and the first and second thighmembers.
 2. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, further comprising afirst resistance member, wherein the first resistance member provides arestoring force on the first thigh member relative to the second thighmember when the first distance decreases.
 3. The exercise apparatus ofclaim 1 or 2, wherein a maximum distance between the first and secondthigh members is adjustable.
 4. The exercise apparatus of any of claims1-3, wherein the first reciprocal motion comprises both the first thighmember and the second thigh member moving relative to a centerline ofthe exercise apparatus.
 5. The exercise apparatus of any of claims 1-4,further comprising a second resistance member, wherein the secondresistance member provides a restoring force on the chest contact memberwhen the second distance decreases.
 6. The exercise apparatus of any ofclaims 1-5, further comprising an abdominal contact member moving in athird reciprocal motion when the user engages the abdominal contactmember, the third reciprocal motion varying a third distance between theabdominal contact member and the first and second thigh members.
 7. Theexercise apparatus of claim 6, further comprising an abdominal crunchbase guiding the abdominal contact member when the abdominal contactmember moves in the third reciprocal motion.
 8. The exercise apparatusof claim 6 or 7, further comprising a third resistance member, whereinthe third resistance member provides a restoring force on the abdominalcontact member when the third distance decreases.
 9. The exerciseapparatus of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first and second thighmembers are further configured to move in a fourth reciprocal motionwhen the user engages the first and second thigh members, the fourthreciprocal motion varying a fourth distance between the chest contactmember and one or more of the first and second thigh members .
 10. Theexercise apparatus of any of claim 9, further comprising a fourthresistance member, wherein the fourth resistance member provides arestoring force on the one or more of the first and second thigh membersrelative to the chest contact member when the fourth distance decreases.11. The exercise apparatus of any of claims 2-10, wherein the restoringforce of one or more of the resistance members is adjustable.
 12. Theexercise apparatus of any of claims 2-11, wherein one or more of theresistance members are interchangeable with other resistance members.13. The exercise apparatus of any of claims 1-12, wherein the exerciseapparatus further comprises one or more handles.
 14. A method ofexercising using an exercise apparatus comprising: engaging a firstthigh member and a second thigh member; engaging a chest contact member,wherein the chest crunch comprises a chest contact member; overcoming arestoring force provided by a first resistance member to vary a firstdistance between the first and second thigh members to move the firstand second thigh members in a first reciprocal motion; and overcoming arestoring force provided by a second resistance member to vary a seconddistance between the chest contact member and one or more of the firstand second thigh members to move the chest contact member in a secondreciprocal motion, wherein overcoming the restoring force provided bythe first resistance member is performed simultaneously with overcomingthe restoring force provided by the second resistance member.
 15. Themethod of claim 14, further comprising engaging an abdominal contactmember; and overcoming a restoring force provided by a third resistancemember to vary a third distance between the abdominal contact member andone or more of the first and second thigh members to move the abdominalcontact member in a third reciprocal motion, wherein overcoming therestoring force provided by the third resistance member is performedsimultaneously with overcoming the restoring force provided by the firstand second resistance members.
 16. The method of claim 14 or 15, whereinovercoming the restoring force provided by the second resistance memberor the third resistance member further comprises engaging one or morehandles to pull the exercise apparatus towards a user's body.
 17. Themethod of any of claims 14-16, further comprising overcoming a restoringforce provided by a fourth resistance member to vary a fourth distancebetween one or more of the first and second thigh members and chestcontact member to move one or more of the first and second thigh membersin a fourth reciprocal motion, wherein overcoming the restoring forceprovided by the fourth resistance member is performed simultaneouslywith overcoming the restoring force provided by the first and secondresistance members.
 18. The method of any of claims 14-17, wherein therestoring force of one or more of the resistance members is adjustable.19. The method of any of claims 14-18, wherein one or more of theresistance members is interchangeable with other resistance members. 20.A resistance member comprising a first anchor; a second anchorconfigured to move in a reciprocal motion relative to the first anchor;a spring resisting relative movement of the first and second anchor in afirst direction of the reciprocal motion and aiding relative movement ofthe first and second anchor in a second direction of the reciprocalmotion opposite to the first direction; and a spacer that limitsrelative motion of the first and second anchor in the first direction toa minimum distance between the first and second anchor, wherein thespring is in tension when the first and second anchor are at the minimumdistance.
 21. The resistance member of claim 20, wherein the spacer isconfigured to maintain a distance between the first anchor and thesecond anchor of between ⅛ of an inch and 20 inches, between ¼ of aninch and 18 inches, between ½ of an inch and 16 inches, between 1 inchand 14 inches, between 2 inches and 12 inches, between 3 and 8 inches,between 3.5 and 6 inches, or between 4 and 5 inches.
 22. The resistancemember of claim 21, wherein the spacer is configured to maintain adistance between the first anchor and the second anchor of ⅛, ¼, or ½ ofan inch, or 1, 2, 3, or 4 inches.
 23. The resistance member of any ofclaims 20-22, wherein the spring comprises latex or rubber.
 24. Theresistance member of any of claims 20-23, wherein the spring comprises acontinuous band encircling a first band connector and a second bandconnector.
 25. The resistance member of claim 24, wherein the first bandconnector is connected to the first anchor and the second band connectoris connected to the second anchor.
 26. The resistance member of any ofclaims 20-25, further comprising a housing comprising the first anchor,second anchor, and the spring, wherein a length of housing is between2-20 inches, between 2.5 and 12 inches, between 3 and 8 inches, between3.5 and 6 inches, or between 4 and 5 inches, a width of between 1 and 6inches, between 1.5 and 4 inches, or between 2 and 3 inches, and aheight of between 0.5 and 3 inches, or between 1 and 2, inches.
 27. Theresistance member of claim 26, wherein the housing comprises a length of4 inches, a width of 2 inches, and a height of 1 inch.
 28. Theresistance member of any of claims 26-27, wherein the housing comprisesa first housing comprising the first anchor and a second housingcomprising the second anchor, wherein at least one of the first andsecond anchors comprise an outer surface of the first and secondhousing.
 29. The resistance member of any of claims 20-28, furthercomprising a third anchor fixed relative to one of the first and secondanchor and configured to move in a reciprocal motion relative to theother of the first and second anchor.
 30. The resistance member of claim29, wherein the third anchor comprises a protrusion from one of thefirst and second housings.
 31. The resistance member of any of claims29-30, further comprising a fourth anchor fixed relative to the thirdanchor.
 32. The resistance member of claim 31, wherein the fourth anchorcomprises a protrusion from one of the first and second housings. 33.The resistance member of any of claims 20-32, wherein the first anchoris configured to engage a chest contact member and the second anchor isconfigured to engage a chest crunch member.
 34. The resistance member ofany of claims 20-32, wherein the first anchor is configured to engage anabdominal contact member and the second anchor is configured to engagean abdominal crunch member.
 35. The resistance member of any of claims20-32, wherein the first anchor is configured to engage a first thighmember and the second anchor is configured to engage a second thighmember.
 36. An exercise apparatus comprising: a body contact member; anda base, wherein one of the body contact member and the base comprises atube and the other comprises an insert configured to move in areciprocal motion within the tube, the tube comprises a hollow internalspace comprising an inner wall, the insert comprises an outer wall, thereciprocal motion comprises the inner wall facing, and moving relative,to the outer wall, and the tube and the insert comprise complimentaryguides to prevent contact between the inner wall and outer wall duringthe reciprocal motion.
 37. The exercise apparatus of claim 36, whereinthe complementary guides comprise a bearing and a female guide rail. 38.The exercise apparatus of claim 36 or 37, wherein the complementaryguides reduce an angular range of motion of tube relative to the insert.39. An exercise apparatus comprising: a body contact member; and a base,wherein one of the body contact member and the base comprises a tube andthe other comprises an insert, wherein the insert moves in a reciprocalmotion within the tube, wherein the insert comprises a first anchorengagement and the tube comprises a second anchor engagement, whereinthe first anchor engagement moves relative to the second anchorengagement, and wherein the tube comprises an aperture sized to receivea resistance member that engages with the first anchor engagement andthe second anchor engagement.
 40. The exercise apparatus of claim 39,wherein the resistance member comprises the resistance member of any oneof claims 20-35.
 41. A resistance member comprising a first springconnector; a second spring connector, wherein a first distance betweenthe first spring connector and second spring connector is fixed; aspring connected to the first spring connector and the second springconnector; and a paddle configured to engage the spring, wherein thepaddle is configured to move in a reciprocal motion relative to thefirst and second anchors, and wherein the spring resists relativemovement between the paddle and the first and second anchors in a firstdirection of the reciprocal motion and aids relative movement betweenthe paddle and the first and second anchors in a direction of thereciprocal motion opposite the first direction.
 42. The resistancemember of claim 41, wherein the spring comprises a continuous bandencircling the first spring connector and the second spring connector.43. The resistance member of claim 41, wherein the spring compriseslatex or rubber.
 44. The resistance member of claim 41, wherein thereciprocal motion is between 2 and 18 inches, between 4 and 16 inches,between 5 and 12 inches, or between 6 and 8 inches.
 45. The resistancemember of claim 44, wherein the reciprocal motion is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, or 9 inches.
 46. The resistance member of claim 41, wherein one of anabdominal contact member or an abdominal crunch base comprises or isconnected to the paddle and the other of the abdominal crunch member orabdominal crunch bases comprises or is connected to the first and secondspring connector.
 47. The resistance member of claim 41, wherein one ofa chest contact member or a chest crunch base comprises or is connectedto the paddle and the other of the chest crunch member or chest crunchbases comprises or is connected to the first and second springconnector.
 48. The resistance member of claim 41, wherein a first thighmember comprises or is connected to the paddle and a second thigh membercomprises or is connected to the first and second spring connector.